2nd Edition of World Vaccines R&D Conference 2026

Abstract

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections significantly contribute to neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. Maternal vaccination offers prevention through passive antibody transfer. Kenya's declining routine immunization coverage (DTP3: 85% to 68% between 2023-2024) indicates system challenges requiring assessment before introducing new maternal vaccines.ObjectivesTo systematically assess Kenya's health system barriers impeding maternal immunization delivery and develop evidence-based recommendations for strengthening system components prior to maternal vaccine introduction. Methods Multi-phase situational analysis using WHO Situational Analysis  Workbook and WHO Maternal Immunization and Antenatal Care Situational Analysis( MIACSA checklist) with Ministry of Health stakeholders. Two iterative desk review cycles (three months each) were conducted, with findings validated through a 35-participant multi-stakeholder workshop. A second review addressed US funding cuts' impact. Seven core domains were evaluated: program management/financing, human resources, supply chain, service delivery, health information systems, disease surveillance, and demand generation. Results Kenya achieved AMBER classification (moderate readiness). Strengths included established immunization infrastructure (85% facility coverage), functional governance, and high provider acceptance (99% antenatal providers willing to administer maternal vaccines). Barriers were donor funding over-reliance with GAVI graduation approaching, staffing shortages across rural/urban areas, supply chain vulnerabilities (15% facilities lacking cold chain equipment), and substantial equity gaps (40-percentage point regional coverage differences for maternal tetanus vaccination). Conclusions While Kenya demonstrates foundational readiness for maternal vaccine introduction, targeted interventions addressing financing sustainability, human resource capacity and supply chain strengthening are essential before implementation. The comprehensive assessment framework provides Ministry of Health with actionable recommendations for system strengthening. Key message Kenya has basic infrastructure for maternal vaccine introduction, there is need for targeted investments in financing sustainability, human resources and supply chain strengthening before introducing new maternal vaccines