Viruses play a crucial role in research and medicine. They are tools in studying genetics, molecular biology, and cell interactions and serve in gene therapy as carriers of therapeutic genes. Viruses play a key role in developing vaccines against diseases such as influenza, polio, and COVID-19, and they have been discovered to hold a lot of potential in cancer treatments by selectively killing specific cells. Viruses such as bacteriophages and retroviruses are also used in genetic engineering and viral therapy. These have brought new avenues in the treatment of human and animal diseases. The World Vaccines R&D Conference supports this research and innovation in viral applications.