Virology has transformed the field of research and medicine. Viruses are considered potential tools for the development of groundbreaking treatments. Virus cells can be used as biological tools to study and manipulate cells. Due to their simple cell structure and composition, viruses can be engineered for specific needs, helping to understand the basic molecular genetics of a cell.
Viruses can be used in genetic engineering to carry genetically modified sequences that can be incorporated into the genome of host cells. Viral therapy, a type of gene therapy, uses viral vectors as a carrier of healthy genes that can replace the mutated gene within the cell, which is responsible for the disease. Moreover, viral therapy shows promise in cancer treatments. Viruses used in mammalian research include 𝛄-retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and Oncolytic viruses. Furthermore, viruses used as genetic engineering tools can treat several plant and animal diseases.