The vaccine delivery system is the system that is used to deliver the vaccine into the body and provide immunization against the disease. Selecting the right vaccine delivery system is crucial for achieving an effective immune response and successful vaccination. There are several routes of vaccine administration, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral. The main objectives of vaccine delivery techniques are to allow for the incorporation of proper antigen doses, which will not necessitate the booster doses, and to regulate the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to immune cells.
Scientists have developed several methods for delivering vaccines into the system. These include solid particulate vaccine delivery systems, liposomal delivery systems, virosomes, emulsion delivery systems, micellar delivery systems, dendrimer-based delivery systems, edible vaccines, DNA vaccines, mucosal delivery of vaccines, needle-free delivery, and others.