The virus under study for COVID-19 virology is SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus with the spike protein attaching to human cells through the ACE2 receptor. It brings about respiratory manifestations of mild to severe intensity and even pneumonia or death in susceptible persons. In combating the pandemic, various vaccine technologies were developed; these include mRNA vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, as well as the viral vector vaccine from AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson, and lastly, the protein subunit vaccine from Novavax. These vaccines have decreased severe illness and death. Current research is still being done on boosters, variants, and long-term immunity, with the World Vaccines R&D Conference bringing the world together to accelerate vaccine development.