Advances in vaccine technology have revolutionized the prevention of diseases through mRNA vaccines, for example, COVID-19 vaccines; viral vector vaccines, such as Ebola and COVID-19; conjugate vaccines, such as pneumococcal; DNA vaccines, to name a few. Research focuses on universal vaccines for long-lasting protection. Recent achievements include nucleic acid vaccines, vaccines based on biomaterials, and modern biotechnology tools, such as next-generation sequencing and nanotechnology. New technologies like multi-omics integration and single-cell genomics will help make vaccine development more accurate. The World Vaccines R&D Conference will play an essential role in driving these innovations forward and working toward global cooperation in health.